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Agglutination
凝集
During blood transfusion, the red blood cells aggregated together in clumps which were sufficiently large to block minor blood vessels. This clumping is known as agglutination.
Agglutinin
凝集素
The naturally occurring antibodies against the corresponding antigens on the surface of the red blood cells are present in the serum, which is called agglutinin.
Agglutinogen
凝集原
Agglutinogen is referred to the antigen on the surface of the red blood cells, which often causes blood cell agglutination.
Antithrombin Ⅲ
抗凝血酶Ⅲ
Antithrombin Ⅲ is a single-chain glycoprotein, which reacts with thrombin to form an irreversible complex, in which both molecules are inactivated.
Blood
血液
Blood is that part of extracellular fluid within the cardiovascular system.
Blood coagulation
血液凝固
The coagulation system consists of cofactors and a series of zymogens which sequentially activate one another, leading to formation of fibrin at a site of vascular injury.
Blood group
血型
Blood groups are system of genetically determined antigenic substances on the membrane of red blood cells.
Cross-matching test
交叉配血试验
Serum from recipient is tested against the donor's cells, and serum from donor is tested against the recipient's cells, this test is called cross-matching test.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
红细胞沉降率
When blood to which an anticoagulant has been added stands in a narrow tube, the red cells gradually sediment, leaving a clear zone of plasma above. The erythrocyte sedimontation rate is measured as the
Erythropoietin
红细胞生成素
Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the kidneys which stimulates hemoglobin synthesis and erythropoiesis.
Fibrinolysis
纤维蛋白溶解
In many cases fibrin within blood vessels is rapidly dissolved to restore the fluidity of the blood, and in others the fibrin becomes hyalinized or is removed by phagocytes and replaced by connective tissue.
Hematocrit
血细胞比容
Hematocrit is the fraction of a volume of blood occupied by the blood cells.
Hemoglobin
血红蛋白
Hemoglobin is a chromoprotein found in the red blood cells and having a great affinity for oxygen.
Hemolysis
溶血
Agglutination may destroy the red blood cells, releasing hemoglobin. This is called hemolysis.
Hemostasis
生理性止血
Hemostasis is the process by which bleeding from an injured blood vessel is arrested or reduced.
Hemostatic plug (blood blot)
血栓
The hemostatic plug is composed of a meshwork of fibrin fibers running in all directions and entrapping blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
Heparin
肝素
Heparin is a polysaccharide produced primarily in the basophilic mast cells distributed in the pericapillary tissue. Heparin prevents coagulation by inhibiting prothrombin conversion and possibly thrombin itself.
Serum
血清
After the clot forms, it retracts, extruding fluid identical to plasma except for the absence of fibrinogen and factor Ⅶ and Ⅸ. This fluid is serum.
Thrombin
凝血酶
Thrombin is a serine protease that is borned from its circulating precursor, prothrombins, by the action of activated factor X. The conversion of fibringen to fibrin is catalyzed by thrombin.
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