【掌握】 心肌细胞(工作细胞和自律细胞)的生物电现象及其形成的机制,心内兴奋传播的特点;心肌兴奋性的周期性变化及其特点,自律性和心脏的起搏点;心脏的泵血功能及其评价;动脉血压的概念、形成机制、影响因素;颈动脉窦和主动脉弓压力感受性反射。
Myocardial bioelectric phenomena and their mechanism, The characters of excitation transmission in heart; The periodicity changes and their characters of myocardial excitability, Autorhythmicity and pacemaker of heart; Pumping function of heart and evaluation; The concept , mechanism and influencing factors of arterial blood pressure; Carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptor reflex.
【熟悉】 维持动脉血压稳定的神经、体液调节;第一和第二心音产生的原理、特点及其生理意义;心电图各波的意义;静脉回心血量、中心静脉压及其影响因素;微循环的通路及意义;组织液的生成与回流; 颈动脉体和主动脉体化学感受性反射。
The nervous and humoral regulation of keeping the arterial blood pressure stability; The principles, characters and physiological meaning of first heart sound and second heart sound. Venous return and central venous pressure and their influencing factors; The pathways and meaning of microcirculation; Formation and return of interstitial fluid; Carotid body and aortic body chemoreceptor reflex.
【了解】 心泵功能的调节;心泵功能的储备;冠脉循环、肺循环和脑循环。
Regulation of heart pumping function; Cardiac reserve of pumping function; Coronary circulation; Pulmonary circulation and cerebral circulation.
【概念】 心动周期(cardiac cycle)、每搏输出量(stroke volume)、舒张末期容量(end-diastolic volume) 、收缩末期容量(end-systolic volume)、射血分数( ejection fraction)、心输出量(cardiac output)、心指数(cardiac index )、心肌收缩能力(cardiac contractility)、心力储备 (cardiac reserve)、兴奋性(excitability)、自律性(autorhythmicity)、传导性(conductivity)、收缩性(contractivity)、绝对不应期(absolute refractory period)、有效不应期(effective refractory period)、相对不应期( relative refractory period)、血压(blood pressure)、 收缩压(systolic pressure, SP)、舒张压(diastolic pressure,DP ) 、脉压(pulse pressure)、平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、动脉脉搏(arterial pulse)、中心静脉压(central venous pressure, CVP)、压力感受性反射(baroreceptor reflex)
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